Đuôi ‘s’ và ‘es’ được sử dụng như thế nào?
- Danh từ số nhiều (plural nouns): boots, trees, glasses
- Động từ ngôi thứ ba số ít ( 3rd person verbs): lives, works, brushes
- Sở hữu ( possessives ): Hazel’s house, Grandma’s clothes , Rex’s car
- Dạng rút ngắn ( contractions) với ‘is’ or ‘has’ : Ex: She’s laughing. (is) / He’s got a hat. (has)
Ba cách để phát âm đuôi -s/-es
| /IZ/ Sibilant | /S/ Voiceless | /Z/ Voiced |
| /s/ bus -> buses /dʒ/ change -> changes /z/ prize -> prizes /tʃ/ church -> churches /ʃ/ wash -> washes | /p/ stop -> stops /k/ cook -> cooks /t/ hat -> hats /f/ cliff -> cliffs /θ/ sixth -> sixths | /b/ crab -> crabs /d/ word -> words /l/ fall -> falls /m/ dream -> dreams /n/ fan -> fans /ŋ/ sing -> sings /r/ wear -> wears /ð/ clothe -> clothes /v/ glove -> gloves bee – bees (âm nguyên âm => /z/) |
Một số lưu ý quan trọng
- Với 2 đuôi phụ âm /b/ và /d/, phát âm sẽ thay đổi một chút khi trở thành danh từ số nhiều. (Ví dụ: baby -> babies; puppy -> puppies; study -> studies; strawberry -> strawberries; marry -> marries)
- Với đuôi phụ âm /f/ , phát âm sẽ thay đổi một chút khi trở thành danh từ số nhiều. (Ví dụ knife -> knives; loaf -> loaves; life -> lives; wolf -> wolves)
- Tuy nhiên vẫn có một số từ không thay đổi (Ví dụ: belief -> beliefs; chef -> chefs)
- Động từ kết thúc với ‘ay’, ‘ey’, ‘oy’, ‘uy’ => không thay đổi (Ví dụ: play => plays; say => says; buy => buys; enjoy => enjoys; stay => stays)
Để luôn chắc chắn, hãy luôn dùng từ điển Oxford để kiểm tra, chú ý thật kĩ về biến đổi động từ và cả phần phát âm.
Thực hành bài tập phát âm đuôi s/es.
Exercise 1: Chọn đúng từ chứa âm đuôi /iz/, /s/, /z/ vào bảng dưới và thực hành phát âm.
| /IZ/ Sibilant | /S/ Voiceless | /Z/ Voiced |
| |
roses, coughs, villages, drums, climbs, choices, brushes, proofs, does, finishes, fixes, seashells, stops, bosses, studies, gifts, bags, leaves, wishes, practices, stays, roofs , bushes, believes, tells, diseases, moves, rises, triumphs, surprises, thinks, ships, chases, plants, dives, suitcases, housewives, staffs, lipsticks, drinks, reads, songs, messages, photographs, floors, asks, waits, cases, goes, adds, damages, wolfs, trucks, says, loves
ANSWER
/iz/ roses, villages, choices, brushes, finishes, fixes, bosses, wishes, practices, bushes, diseases, rises, surprises, , chases, suitcases, housewives, messages, asks, cases, damages
/z/ drums, climbs, does, seashells, studies, bags, leaves, stays, believes, tells, moves, dives, reads, floors, songs, goes, adds, says, loves
/s/ coughs, proofs, stops, gifts, roofs, triumphs, thinks, ships, plants, staffs, lipsticks, drinks, photographs, waits, wolfs, trucks
Exercise 2: Thực hành đọc những câu dưới đây.
- Let’s see who finishes these exercises first.
- The bar closes when the last customer leaves.
- Don’t make promises you can’t keep.
- Nobody uses a typewriter nowadays, do they?
- My dad’s so tall that when he reaches his hand up he touches the ceiling.
Exercise 3: Gạch chân những từ chứa đuôi s/es và thực hành phát âm.
Engineer – AndrewJohnson
Andrew, 30, is an engineer. He comes from New Zealand, but now he lives in Scotland. He works on an oil rig 440km from the coast of Aberdeen. He works 12hours a day for two weeks, and then he has two weeks’ holiday.He earns £200 a day. In his free time he goes to the gym and plays snooker. He isn’t married.
Zoologist – ClaudiaLuke
Claudia, 41, is American. She’s a zoologist and she teaches at a university. She lives in California and works with her husband, Jim, at the Research Centre in the Mojave Desert where she studies snakes and other animals. She likes working in the desert. In her free time she writes song sand walks her dog, Brewer. She earns about $60,000 a year.
Chúc các bạn học tốt!
