Luyện nghe IELTS Listening chủ đề Natural Resources – rút từ vựng chi tiết

Topic: Natural Resources

Track 1

Let’s find out just how environmentally aware you are.
Question one. How many trees do you think it would take to offset the CO2 emissions from a long distance flight?

Well, it’s estimated that for each mile or (1) ………………………… that a jet flies, half a kilo of CO2 is added to the atmosphere. So a round trip of (2) …………………………. miles would emit about one and a half tonnes of CO2 per passenger. The amount of CO2 a tree can absorb depends on factors such as its (3) …………………………, location and age. The company, Future Forests, says that, on average, it would take two trees (4) ………………………… years to counter the effect of this trip, so the answer here is C.
Question two. What is the most environmentally friendly way to wash your clothes?

Well, the solvents used by most dry cleaners are damaging to the environment. In a washing machine, the vast majority of the energy – about (5) ………………………… per cent of it – goes into heating up the water, not running through the cycle. Washing clothes in hot water, even by (6) …………………………, uses a lot of energy to (7) ……………………….. the water. Keeping washing temperatures low and always washing a full load is the best policy. So the correct answer is C.
Question three. Do you need to always turn off your electric lights to save energy?

It is a common myth that flicking the lights on and off uses more energy than leaving them on. In fact an ordinary bulb only has to be turned off for (8) ………………………… to outweigh the cost of turning it back on. For energy efficient and other fluorescent bulbs, this rises to (9) ………………………… . Energy efficient light bulbs use (10) ………………………… per cent less energy than ordinary ones – so if you have those, but leave them on as you tidy – you’ll probably still use less (11) ………………………… than if you switch your standard bulbs on and off. So the correct answer is B.
Question four. What is the most energy efficient way of cooking a baked potato?

A microwave uses just a (12) ………………………… of the electricity required to operate an electric oven, and of course the potato will take much less time to cook, so the correct answer is B.

Question five. What is the best way to help reduce your CO2 emissions throughout the year?

Well, it’s estimated that one person taking the train for a year, rather than driving a car, would reduce their CO2 emission total by (13) …………………………. Hanging out your washing rather than using a tumble dryer would cut CO2 by (14) ………………………… and working from home one day a week would cut (15) …………………………. So the correct answer is A.

Track 2

Mining in Australia probably started with the arrival of Aborigines around (1) ………………………… years ago. Aborigines mined for ochre, a naturally occurring coloured clay which they used for (2) ………………………… . Modern Australian mining followed the arrival of European settlers in (3) ………………………… .
At first, this mining was limited to the quarrying and shaping of local sandstone, which they used for the first buildings at Sydney Cove. Coal wasn’t found until (4) ………………………… , when some convicts managed to escape and got as far as Newcastle. The coal industry began in 1798, when ship owners gathered surface coal at Newcastle and brought it to Sydney for (5) ………………………… . Export of Newcastle coal began in the following year with a shipment to India. Lead was the first metal mined in Australia, on the outskirts of Adelaide in (6) ………………………… . Lead is one of the oldest metals known to humans. It’s relatively simple to extract and it’s extremely malleable, so it’s easy to shape or flatten into (7) …………………………. Lead is usually found in ore, which is the name given to rock that we can extract metal from. It’s extracted by a process known as (8) …………………………, where the rock, or ore, is heated to extremely high temperatures.
Of course, precious metals and precious stones are the natural resources that most people go in search of in the hope of striking it rich. In 1849, many Australians migrated to the United States during the gold rush. In a bid to stop this, the New South Wales Government decided to offer incentives for Australians to find (9) …………………………. in their own country. But it is opals rather than gold or (10) ………………………… that Australia became famous for. The largest site was discovered in 1915 by a 14-year-old boy. He was with a group of gold diggers. The boy had been sent to look for (11) …………………………. when he made the discovery of what was to become the world’s largest and most productive opal field at Coober Pedy.

ANSWER TRACK 1

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1. 1.6 km
2. 10,000
3. type
4. 99 
5. 90
6. hand
7. heat
8. 3 seconds 
9. 5 minutes
10. 75
11. energy
12. third
13. 2.9 tonnes
14. 0.9 tonnes
15. 0.88 tonnes

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ANSWER TRACK 2

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1. 40,000 
2. decoration
3. 1788
4. 1791
5. sale
6. 1841
7. sheets
8. smelting
9. gold
10. diamonds
11. water 

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TỪ VỰNG HAY TRONG BÀI NGHE

offset	(v) bù lại, đền bù to use one cost, payment or situation in order to cancel or reduce the effect of another  EX: Prices have risen in order to offset the increased cost of materials.
emission	(n) sự bốc ra, sự toả ra (mùi vị, hơi…) the production or sending out of light, heat, gas, etc. EX: the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
atmosphere	(n) khí quyển, không khí the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth EX: Wind power doesn’t release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
emit	bốc ra, sự toả ra (mùi vị, hơi…) to send out something such as light, heat, sound, gas, etc. EX: The metal container began to emit a clicking sound.
absorb	(v) hấp thu to take in a liquid, gas or other substance from the surface or space around  EX: Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air.
counter	(v) chống lại; phản lại to do something to reduce or prevent the bad effects of something EX: We need more imaginative policies to counter global warming.
environmentally friendly	(adj) thân thiện với môi trường not harming the environment EX: environmentally friendly packaging
solvent	(n) dung môi (chất có thể hoà tan một chất khác) a substance, especially a liquid, that can dissolve (= remove or destroy by a chemical process) another substance EX: industrial solvents for removing oil
to wash a full load	giặt đầy trọng tải (của máy giặt)
myth	(n) chuyện hoang đường, lời đồn something that many people believe but that does not exist or is false EX: Contrary to popular myth, women are not worse drivers than men.
bulb (also light bulb)	(n) bóng đèn the glass part that fits into an electric lamp, etc. to give light when it is switched on EX: Can you remove the bulb and replace it with an energy-efficient one?
energy efficient	hiệu quả, tiết kiệm nhiên liệu
fluorescent bulb	đèn huỳnh quang
tumble dryer	(n) máy giặt sấy a machine that uses hot air to dry clothes after they have been washed
mining	(n) sự khai mỏ the process of getting coal and other minerals from under the ground; the industry involved in this EX: coal/diamond/gold/tin mining EX: a mining company/community/engineer EX: Mining is prohibited in the National Park.
Aborigine	thổ dân Aborigine a member of the group of people who were the original people living in Australia before Europeans arrived
ochre	(n) đất son màu nâu vàng nhạt a type of red or yellow earth used in some paints and dyes
quarrying	(n) sự khai thác đá the business or activity of taking stone, etc. out of a quarry EX: There has been quarrying in the area for centuries.
sandstone	sa thạch (đá do cát kết lại mà thành) a type of stone that is formed of grains of sand tightly pressed together, used in building
lead	(n) chì, than chì a chemical element. Lead is a heavy, soft grey metal, used especially in the past for water pipes or to cover roofs. EX: Lead exposure can be harmful to everyone, especially young children and babies.
ore	(n) quặng rock, earth, etc. from which metal can be obtained EX: smelting the ore with charcoal
on the outskirts of	ngoài vùng viền, vùng ven của (nơi nào đó)
extract	(v) rút, chiết xuất, ép… a substance that has been obtained from something else using a particular process EX: extract of apricot
malleable	(adj) rèn được, dễ dát mỏng, dễ uốn that can be hit or pressed into different shapes easily without breaking or cracking (= starting to split)
flatten	(v) dát mỏng, dát phẳng to become flat or flatter; to make something flat or flatter EX: The cookies will flatten slightly while cooking.
sheet	(n) miếng, tấm… a flat thin piece of any material, normally square or rectangular EX: sheet metal (= metal that has been made into thin sheets)
smelting	nấu chảy the act or process of getting a metal from rock by heating it to a very high temperature, or of melting objects made from metal in order to use the metal to make something new EX: The mining and smelting released lead and other dangerous metals into the river basin.
incentive	(n) sự khuyến khích, sự khích lệ; sự thúc đẩy payment or concession (= a reduction in the amount of money that has to be paid) that encourages somebody to do something EX: The new law provides incentives for businesses to invest in recycling equipment.
opal	ngọc mắt mèo a white or almost clear semi-precious stone in which changes of colour are seen, used in jewellery EX: an opal ring
gold digger	người đào vàng

TRANSCRIPT

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