Đuôi ‘ed’ được sử dụng như thế nào?
- Động từ dạng quá khứ ( work -> worked…)
- Tính từ với đuôi -ed ( tired, encouraged…)
Ba cách để phát âm đuôi -ed
| /- ɪd/ | /-t/ | /-d/ |
| /t/ want -> wanted /d/ need -> needed | /p/ hope -> hoped /k/ cook -> cooked /s/ reduce -> reduced /ʃ/ finish -> finished /ʃt/ reach -> reached /f/ stuff -> stuffed | /b/ rub -> rubbed /g/ drag -> dragged /dʒ/ change -> changed /l/ call -> called /n/ open -> opened /ŋ/ belong -> belonged /r/ care -> cared /v/ believe -> believed /z/ organise -> organised |
Một số lưu ý quan trọng
* Tất cả các âm đuôi là nguyên âm, thì vowel+/d/
Examples: allowed /əˈlaʊd/, applied /əˈplaɪd/, argued, played, …
* Một số tính từ có phát âm ngoại lệ
Examples: beloved /bɪˈlʌvɪd/, blessed /ˈblesɪd/, crooked /ˈkrʊkɪd/, learned /ˈlɜːrnɪd/, naked /ˈneɪkɪd/, wicked /ˈwɪkɪd/, …
Bài tập thực hành
Exercise 1: Chọn đúng từ chứa âm đuôi /id/, /t/, /d/ vào bảng dưới và thực hành phát âm.
| /id/ | /t/ | /d/ |
| |
shared, dared, killed, admired, added, shouted, agreed, appreciated, accepted, baked, chased, enjoyed, loved, opened, painted, parked, worried, visited, talked, pushed, offended, guessed, greeted, cried, collected, changed, baked, admitted, printed, retired, smoked, visited, used, troubled, thanked, waited, moved, phoned, remembered, kissed, introduced, created, cheered, constructed, boiled, attacked, begged, estimated, fried, interrupted, joked, kicked, started, listened.
ANSWER
/id/ shouted, appreciated, accepted, painted, visited, offended, greeted, collected, admitted, printed, visited, waited, created, constructed, estimated, interrupted, started
/t/ baked, chased, parked, talked, pushed, guessed, baked, smoked, thanked, kissed, introduced, attacked, joked, kicked
/d/ shared, dared, killed, admired, agreed, enjoyed, loved, opened, worried, cried, changed, retired, , used, troubled, moved, phoned, remembered, cheered, boiled, begged, , fried, listened
Exercise 2: Thực hành đọc những câu dưới đây.
- Ken cooked lunch.
- Karen counted money.
- Fred phoned friends.
- Stella started singing.
- Marge mixed drinks.
- Alice added sugar.
- Will watched films.
- Sheila shouted loudly.
Exercise 3: Thực hành gạch chân động từ quá khứ (dạng _ed) dưới đây và thực hành đọc.
Papyrus
Five thousand years ago, there was no paper. People used clay tablets to write on. They used a reed to write on the wet clay. Then they waited for the clay to dry. The tablets were very heavy. They were easy to break. People used each tablet only one time.
The Ancient Egyptians wanted to make paper to write on. Three thousand years ago, there were lots of papyrus plants in Egypt. The Ancient Egyptians used papyrus to make a kind of paper. It was difficult to make, but it was soft and light and easy to write on.
People in other countries started to use papyrus, too. But papyrus was very expensive. Only rich people used it. Sometimes people used the papyrus, then washed it and used it again.
