Topic: Crime
Track 1
Speaker A: That’s a very good question. I think every country has a different idea of how old a child is when they can be held responsible for their (1) …………………………. If they’re really young, in their preteens, then I would say the parents are responsible. Very young children only get involved in crime if they are left alone without any (2) …………………………. Nowadays, a lot of families are too busy to worry about these things and I think family values are lost in the process. The children might only start with (3) ………………………… but, if they fall in with the wrong crowd and become a (4) ………………………… ,then this can escalate to more serious crimes like (5) ………………………… or car theft. If you get a criminal record as a child, it can affect your whole life.
Speaker B: I think each older generation looks at the younger generation and criticises it for being badly behaved. But I do think it’s true that, nowadays, people generally have less and less (6) ………………………… for the rules of society. You only need to look around the streets to see all the graffiti and vandalism. I think that there’s also been an increase in (7) …………………………. Partly I think this is through (8) …………………………- young people are very much influenced by what their friends think of them, and it’s become cool to act like a (9) …………………………. I think the main problem, though, is the media. It cultivates that image and it becomes normal for children to see violent (10) ………………………… .
Speaker C: I go out on my own in the day quite often but I would very rarely do it at night. In the area where I live, the (11) ………………………… has increased significantly in the past few years. There seems to be a lot more criminal activity these days so I think it’s a lot safer to go out in a group. There’s no (12) ………………………… or anything like that. I’m not afraid of getting stabbed, it’s more (13) ………………………… ,you know, when people grab your bag, stuff like that. I think it’s because of the rising unemployment. People just don’t have enough money. I suppose that’s why some of them turn to (14) ………………………….
Track 2
In spite of the large number of prisons we have, crime figures have risen again this year with the number of (1) ………………………… in particular increasing. Many law-abiding citizens believe that our existing laws are just not (2) ………………………… enough and do not act as enough of a deterrent against crime. In recent years there has been a move to abolish laws which were deemed to be too harsh or strict and to reduce the punishment for non- violent crimes, such as those against (3) ………………………….
On the other hand, in some countries the police can enforce laws against crossing the street at the wrong place by imposing a (4) …………………………. Laws like this are passed simply to keep us (5) ………………………… and some see them as an intrusion on our privacy. Focusing on petty crimes in this way can also cause people who generally (6) ………………………… the law to resent the police rather than respect them for what they do. They would rather their time was spent solving more serious crimes. It’s difficult to believe that reducing punishments will help to (7) ………………………… crime. It goes without saying that laws against serious crimes should be strictly enforced. However, we also need to focus more attention on crime prevention and (8) ………………………… young people to abide by the law. They need to know that no one is above the law and there are serious consequences if they’re involved in criminal activities in any way. Some people believe that non-violent crimes or so-called victimless crimes such as (9) ………………………… should be punished less. However, there is always a victim somewhere, even if that victim is a company and its owners. And victims often feel the effects of a crime for many years, whether the attack is planned or (10) ………………………… . Perhaps it’s time to start introducing new laws rather than abolishing them.
Track 3
I was recently in charge of a government-funded study looking into the impact that prison sentences have on (1) ………………………….. For our study, we found 96 pairs of convicted (2) …………………………. and 406 pairs of offenders who had been charged with assault. One member of each pair had been given a prison sentence for their crimes, while the other had received some form of non-custodial (3) ………………………….. The offenders involved were exactly matched according to the type of offence they had committed, their prior prison experience and the number of prior appearances in court they had had. The findings of our study were interesting. Our research team found that offenders who were given a prison sentence were slightly more likely to (4) …………………………. than those who did not go to jail.
In fact, these results are consistent with a growing body of evidence suggesting that prison either does nothing to (5) …………………………. offenders or actually increases the risk of re-offending. In other words, prisons may help to increase criminal activity. So, what should we conclude from this? Well, it doesn’t mean we should (6) …………………………. our prisons altogether and set all the prisoners free. Far from it, a prison sentence can be justified on other grounds. For example, the majority of us would agree that criminals, especially dangerous ones, should be (7) ………………………….. But what this study does seem to indicate is that sending people convicted of relatively minor offences to prison is no more effective in changing their behaviour than sentencing them to some form of (8) …………………………..
ANSWER TRACK 1
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- actions
- supervision
- petty crimes
- delinquent
- robbery
- respect
- juvenile crime
- peer pressure
- gangster
- behaviour
- crime rate
- knife crime
- muggings
- theft
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ANSWER TRACK 2
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- drug-related crimes
- tough
- property
- fine
- safe
- obey
- combat
- educating
- fraud
- random
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ANSWER TRACK 3
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- criminals
- burglars
- penalty
- re-offend
- deter
- abandon
- punished
- community service
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TỪ VỰNG HAY TRONG BÀI NGHE
| supervision | (n) sự giám sát, sự trông nom the work or activity involved in being in charge of somebody/something and making sure that everything is done correctly, safely, etc. Very young children should not be left to play without supervision. |
| petty crimes | tội phạm nhẹ a type of crime that is not considered serious when compared with some other crimes petty crime such as shoplifting They got into trouble and began to get involved in petty crime. |
| wrong crow | A group of people thought to have a negative influence on a person’s behaviour; a bad crowd. Jimmy’s mother was concerned that he might have fallen in with the wrong crowd. fall in with the wrong crowd hang out with the wrong crowd |
| delinquent | (n) người phạm tội a person, usually young, who behaves in a way that is illegal or not acceptable to most people teenage delinquents |
| escalate | (v) thúc đẩy, leo thang (nghĩa bóng) to become or make something become greater or more serious His financial problems escalated after he became unemployed. |
| robbery | (n) cướp bóc the crime of stealing money or goods from a bank, shop, person, etc., especially using violence or threats He was shot as he tried to foil a bank robbery. |
| criticise | (v) phê bình, đánh giá to say that you think somebody/something is bad; to say what you do not like or think is wrong about somebody/something She has been sharply criticized for her comments. |
graffiti | (n) tranh vẽ lên tường drawings or writing on a wall, etc. in a public place The subway was covered in graffiti. |
vandalism | (n) thái độ đặc trưng của kẻ phá hoại các công trình văn hoá the crime of destroying or damaging something, especially public property, deliberately and for no good reason Police condemned the damage as an act of mindless vandalism. |
| juvenile | (adj) vị thành niên relating to young people who are not yet adults juvenile crime/employment juvenile offenders What can be done to help these juvenile delinquents turn away from crime? |
| peer pressure | (n) áp lực bạn bè cùng trang lứa pressure from people of your age or social group to behave like them in order to be liked or accepted Teenagers are highly influenced by peer pressure. |
| gangster | (n) kẻ bất lương, xã hội đen a member of a group of violent criminals |
| mugging | (n) cướp giựt the crime of attacking somebody violently, or threatening to do so, in order to steal their money, especially in a public place Murders, kidnaps and muggings are reported daily in the newspapers. |
| drug-related crime | tội phạm liên quan đến ma túy |
| law-abiding | (adj) tuân theo luật pháp obeying and respecting the law The police have been preventing ordinary law-abiding citizens from going about their own business. |
| deterrent | (n) cái ngăn cản, cái làm nhụt chí something that makes somebody less likely to do something (= that deters them) Hopefully his punishment will act as a deterrent to others. |
| abolish | (v) bãi bỏ, huỷ bỏ to officially end a law, a system or an institution This tax should be abolished. |
| harsh | (adj) gay gắt, khắt khe cruel, severe and unkind The punishment was harsh and unfair. |
| strict | (adj) nghiêm khắc, chặt chẽ that must be obeyed exactly strict rules/regulations The head teacher imposed very strict discipline. |
| non-violent | (adj) không sử dụng bạo lực not involving force, or injury to somebody non-violent crimes |
| enforce | (v) làm cho có hiệu lực to make sure that people obey a particular law or rule It’s the job of the police to enforce the law. |
| impose | (v) áp đặt to introduce a new law, rule, tax, etc.; to order that a rule, punishment, etc. be used to impose a penalty/fine/sentence/ban |
| fine | (n) tiền phạt a sum of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a law or rule I got a parking fine for parking on double yellow lines. |
| intrusion | (n) sự xâm phạm, sự xâm nhập something that affects a situation or people’s lives in a way that they do not want They claim the noise from the new airport is an intrusion on their lives. |
| resent | (v) phẫn nộ, không bằng lòng to feel bitter or angry about something, especially because you feel it is unfair I deeply resented her criticism. |
| combat | (v) chiến đấu to stop something unpleasant or harmful from happening or from getting worse He announced new measures to combat crime in the inner cities. |
| abide by s.th | (v) tôn trọng, giữ, tuân theo to accept and act according to a law, an agreement, etc. You’ll have to abide by the rules of the club. |
| victimless crime | tội phạm không có nạn nhân A victimless crime is an illegal act that typically either directly involves only the perpetrator or occurs between consenting adults. |
| fraud | (n) sự gian lận, sự lừa lọc the crime of cheating somebody in order to get money or goods illegally She was charged with credit card fraud. |
| prison = jail | (n) nhà tù a building where people are kept as a punishment for a crime they have committed, or while they are waiting for trial He was sent to prison for five years. Her son is in prison for murder. |
| sentence | (n) bản án the punishment given by a court a jail/prison sentence The court will impose an appropriate sentence. |
| criminal | (n) tội phạm, người phạm tội a person who commits a crime Society does not know how to deal with hardened criminals (= people who regularly commit crimes and are not sorry for what they do). |
| convict | (v) kết án, tuyên bố có tội to decide and state officially in court that somebody is guilty of a crime There wasn’t enough evidence to convict her. |
| burglar | (n) kẻ trộm đêm; kẻ trộm bẻ khoá a person who enters a building illegally in order to steal Burglars broke into the gallery and stole dozens of priceless paintings. |
| offender | (n) người phạm tội, người phạm lỗi a person who commits a crime a persistent/serious/violent, etc. offender He favours tougher punishments for repeat offenders. |
| assault | (n) sự hành hung the crime of attacking somebody physically Both men were charged with assault. sexual assaults |
| non-custodial | (adj) không giam giữ (of a punishment) that does not involve a period of time in prison a non-custodial sentence/penalty |
| penalty | (n) hình phạt, tiền phạt a punishment for breaking a law, rule or contract Assault carries a maximum penalty of seven years’ imprisonment. |
| offender | (n) người phạm tội a person who commits a crime a persistent/serious/violent, etc. offender |
| commit | (v) phạm lỗi commit something to do something wrong or illegal to commit a crime/an offence Most crimes are committed by young men. |
| court | (n) quan toà; phiên toà the place where legal trials take place and where crimes, etc. are judged She will appear in court tomorrow. |
| reoffend | (v) tái phạm tội, phạm tội lại to commit a crime again Without help, many released prisoners will reoffend. |
| abandon | (v) từ bỏ, bỏ rơi to leave somebody, especially somebody you are responsible for, with no intention of returning People often simply abandon their pets when they go abroad. |
| justify | (v) bào chữa, biện hộ to show that somebody/something is right or reasonable Her success had justified the faith her teachers had put in her. |
TRANSCRIPT
| Speaker A: That’s a very good question. I think every country has a different idea of how old a child is when they can be held responsible for their actions. If they’re really young, in their preteens, then I would say the parents are responsible. Very young children only get involved in crime if they are left alone without any supervision. Nowadays, a lot of families are too busy to worry about these things and I think family values are lost in the process. The children might only start with petty crimes but, if they fall in with the wrong crowd and become a delinquent, then this can escalate to more serious crimes like robbery or car theft. If you get a criminal record as a child, it can affect your whole life. | Diễn giả A: Đó là một câu hỏi rất hay. Tôi nghĩ mỗi quốc gia đều có quan niệm khác nhau về việc một đứa trẻ bao nhiêu tuổi khi chúng có thể chịu trách nhiệm về những hành động của chúng. Nếu chúng thực sự còn trẻ, ở lứa tuổi trước 13, thì tôi sẽ nói rằng cha mẹ phải chịu trách nhiệm. Trẻ rất nhỏ chỉ tham gia vào tội ác nếu chúng bị bỏ mặc mà không có bất kỳ sự giám sát nào. Ngày nay, rất nhiều gia đình quá bận rộn để lo lắng về những điều này và tôi nghĩ rằng các giá trị gia đình bị mất đi trong quá trình này. Những đứa trẻ có thể chỉ bắt đầu với những tội nhỏ nhặt, nhưng nếu chúng rơi vào đám đông sai trái và trở thành một kẻ phạm tội, thì điều này có thể thúc đẩy đến những tội nghiêm trọng hơn như cướp hoặc trộm xe. Nếu bạn bị tiền án khi còn nhỏ, nó có thể ảnh hưởng đến cả cuộc đời của bạn. |
| Speaker B: I think each older generation looks at the younger generation and criticises it for being badly behaved. But I do think it’s true that, nowadays, people generally have less and less respect for the rules of society. You only need to look around the streets to see all the graffiti and vandalism. I think that there’s also been an increase in juvenile crime. Partly I think this is through peer pressure – young people are very much influenced by what their friends think of them, and it’s become cool to act like a gangster. I think the main problem, though, is the media. It cultivates that image and it becomes normal for children to see violent behaviour. | Diễn giả B: Tôi nghĩ rằng mỗi thế hệ lớn tuổi đều nhìn vào thế hệ trẻ và chỉ trích nó vì những hành vi tồi tệ. Nhưng tôi nghĩ đúng là ngày nay, mọi người nói chung ngày càng ít tôn trọng các quy tắc của xã hội. Bạn chỉ cần nhìn xung quanh các con phố để thấy tất cả các hình vẽ bậy và phá hoại. Tôi nghĩ rằng cũng có sự gia tăng tội phạm vị thành niên. Một phần tôi nghĩ điều này là do áp lực từ bạn bè – những người trẻ tuổi bị ảnh hưởng rất nhiều bởi những gì bạn bè nghĩ về họ, và hành động như một tên xã hội đen sẽ trở nên tuyệt vời. Tôi nghĩ vấn đề chính là phương tiện truyền thông. Nó nuôi dưỡng hình ảnh đó và việc trẻ em thấy hành vi bạo lực trở nên bình thường. |
| Speaker C: I go out on my own in the day quite often but I would very rarely do it at night. In the area where I live, the crime rate has increased significantly in the past few years. There seems to be a lot more criminal activity these days so I think it’s a lot safer to go out in a group. There’s no knife crime or anything like that. I’m not afraid of getting stabbed, it’s more muggings, you know, when people grab your bag, stuff like that. I think it’s because of the rising unemployment. People just don’t have enough money. I suppose that’s why some of them turn to theft. | Diễn giả C: Tôi đi ra ngoài vào ban ngày khá thường xuyên nhưng tôi rất hiếm khi làm điều đó vào ban đêm. Trong khu vực tôi sinh sống, tỷ lệ tội phạm đã tăng lên đáng kể trong vài năm qua. Những ngày này dường như có nhiều hoạt động tội phạm hơn nên tôi nghĩ đi chơi theo nhóm sẽ an toàn hơn rất nhiều. Không có tội phạm bằng dao hay bất cứ điều gì tương tự. Tôi không sợ bị đâm, có nhiều cướp giựt hơn, bạn biết đấy, khi người ta lấy túi của bạn, kiểu giống như thế. Tôi nghĩ đó là do tình trạng thất nghiệp gia tăng. Mọi người chỉ không có đủ tiền. Tôi cho rằng đó là lý do tại sao một số người trong số họ chuyển sang hành vi trộm cắp. |
Track 2
| In spite of the large number of prisons we have, crime figures have risen again this year with the number of drug-related crimes in particular increasing. Many law-abiding citizens believe that our existing laws are just not tough enough and do not act as enough of a deterrent against crime. In recent years there has been a move to abolish laws which were deemed to be too harsh or strict and to reduce the punishment for non-violent crimes, such as those against property. On the other hand, in some countries the police can enforce laws against crossing the street at the wrong place by imposing a fine. Laws like this are passed simply to keep us safe and some see them as an intrusion on our privacy. | Mặc dù chúng ta có số lượng lớn nhà tù, số liệu tội phạm đã tăng trở lại trong năm nay với số lượng tội phạm liên quan đến ma túy nói chung gia tăng. Nhiều công dân tuân thủ luật pháp cho rằng luật hiện hành của chúng ta không đủ cứng rắn và không đủ sức ngăn chặn đối với tội phạm. Trong những năm gần đây, đã có động thái bãi bỏ các luật được coi là quá hà khắc hoặc nghiêm khắc và giảm hình phạt đối với các tội phạm bất bạo động, chẳng hạn như tội xâm phạm tài sản. Mặt khác, ở một số quốc gia, cảnh sát có thể thực thi luật cấm băng qua đường không đúng nơi quy định bằng cách phạt tiền. Các luật như thế này được thông qua chỉ đơn giản là để giữ an toàn cho chúng ta và một số coi chúng là sự xâm phạm quyền riêng tư của chúng ta. |
| Focusing on petty crimes in this way can also cause people who generally obey the law to resent the police rather than respect them for what they do. They would rather their time was spent solving more serious crimes. It’s difficult to believe that reducing punishments will help to combat crime. It goes without saying that laws against serious crimes should be strictly enforced. | Tập trung vào những tội phạm nhỏ theo cách này cũng có thể khiến những người thường tuân theo luật pháp bực bội với cảnh sát hơn là tôn trọng họ vì những gì họ làm. Họ thà dành thời gian của mình để giải quyết những tội ác nghiêm trọng hơn. Thật khó để tin rằng việc giảm hình phạt sẽ giúp chống lại tội phạm. Không cần phải nói rằng luật chống tội phạm nghiêm trọng cần được thực thi nghiêm túc. |
| However, we also need to focus more attention on crime prevention and educating young people to abide by the law. They need to know that no one is above the law and there are serious consequences if they’re involved in criminal activities in any way. Some people believe that non-violent crimes or so-called victimless crimes such as fraud should be punished less. | Tuy nhiên, chúng ta cũng cần chú trọng hơn nữa đến công tác phòng chống tội phạm và giáo dục thanh thiếu niên chấp hành pháp luật. Họ cần biết rằng không ai đứng trên pháp luật và sẽ có những hậu quả nghiêm trọng nếu họ tham gia vào các hoạt động tội phạm dưới bất kỳ hình thức nào. Một số người tin rằng tội phạm phi bạo lực hoặc tội phạm không có nạn nhân như gian lận nên bị trừng phạt ít hơn. |
| However, there is always a victim somewhere, even if that victim is a company and its owners. And victims often feel the effects of a crime for many years, whether the attack is planned or random. Perhaps it’s time to start introducing new laws rather than abolishing them. | Tuy nhiên, luôn có một nạn nhân ở đâu đó, ngay cả khi nạn nhân đó là một công ty và chủ sở hữu của nó. Và nạn nhân thường cảm thấy ảnh hưởng của một tội ác trong nhiều năm, cho dù cuộc tấn công được lên kế hoạch hay ngẫu nhiên. Có lẽ đã đến lúc bắt đầu đưa ra các luật mới hơn là bãi bỏ chúng. |
Track 3
| I was recently in charge of a government-funded study looking into the impact that prison sentences have on criminals. | Gần đây, tôi phụ trách một nghiên cứu do chính phủ tài trợ nhằm xem xét tác động của án tù đối với tội phạm. |
| For our study, we found 96 pairs of convicted burglars and 406 pairs of offenders who had been charged with assault. One member of each pair had been given a prison sentence for their crimes, while the other had received some form of non-custodial penalty. The offenders involved were exactly matched according to the type of offence they had committed, their prior prison experience and the number of prior appearances in court they had had. The findings of our study were interesting. Our research team found that offenders who were given a prison sentence were slightly more likely to re-offend than those who did not go to jail. | Đối với nghiên cứu của chúng tôi, chúng tôi đã tìm thấy 96 cặp trộm cắp bị kết án và 406 cặp phạm nhân đã bị buộc tội hành hung. Một thành viên của mỗi cặp đã bị kết án tù vì tội ác của họ, trong khi người còn lại nhận một số hình thức phạt cải tạo không giam giữ. Những người phạm tội có liên quan được khớp chính xác theo loại tội phạm mà họ đã phạm, kinh nghiệm trong tù trước đây của họ và số lần ra hầu tòa trước đó mà họ đã có. Những phát hiện trong nghiên cứu của chúng tôi rất thú vị. Nhóm nghiên cứu của chúng tôi phát hiện ra rằng những người phạm tội đã được tuyên án tù có khả năng tái phạm cao hơn một chút so với những người không bị phạt tù. |
| In fact, these results are consistent with a growing body of evidence suggesting that prison either does nothing to deter offenders or actually increases the risk of re-offending. In other words, prisons may help to increase criminal activity. So, what should we conclude from this? Well, it doesn’t mean we should abandon our prisons altogether and set all the prisoners free. Far from it, a prison sentence can be justified on other grounds. | Trên thực tế, những kết quả này phù hợp với ngày càng nhiều bằng chứng cho thấy rằng nhà tù hoặc không làm gì để ngăn cản người phạm tội hoặc thực sự làm tăng nguy cơ tái phạm. Nói cách khác, nhà tù có thể giúp gia tăng hoạt động tội phạm. Vì vậy, chúng ta nên kết luận gì từ điều này? Chà, không có nghĩa là chúng ta nên từ bỏ hoàn toàn các nhà tù của mình và trả tự do cho tất cả các tù nhân. Khác xa với nó, một bản án tù có thể được biện minh trên các lý do khác. |
| For example, the majority of us would agree that criminals, especially dangerous ones, should be punished. But what this study does seem to indicate is that sending people convicted of relatively minor offences to prison is no more effective in changing their behaviour than sentencing them to some form of community service. | Ví dụ, đa số chúng ta sẽ đồng ý rằng tội phạm, đặc biệt là những kẻ nguy hiểm, cần bị trừng phạt. Nhưng những gì nghiên cứu này thực hiện dường như chỉ ra rằng việc đưa những người bị kết án về các tội tương đối nhẹ đến nhà tù không hiệu quả hơn trong việc thay đổi hành vi của họ so với việc kết án họ theo một số hình thức dịch vụ cộng đồng. |
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